Details

Written by: Stanko Milosev

Category: Android

Published: 17 May 2022

Last Updated: 06 June 2022

Hits: 1479

• kotlin

While I was trying to create my tracking application in Android, I have noticed that application is getting killed, from time to time. After some research I have found this web site, which it seems that solved my problem, but please note that I am testing only on one device, since I am doing it for my self as a hobby.

First I have started empty activity.

Second I have added File -> New -> Service -> Service

Last one I have added File -> New -> Other -> Broadcast Receiver

In the manifest I added FOREGROUND_SERVICE permission:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />

and android:process=":MyService". My Manifest looks like:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.milosev.myapplication">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.MyApplication">
        <receiver
            android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true" />

        <service
            android:name=".MyService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true"
            android:process=":MyService" />

        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

In Gradle I added:

implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.6.1"

So my gradle looks like:

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android'
}

android {
    compileSdk 32

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.milosev.myapplication"
        minSdk 21
        targetSdk 32
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }
}

dependencies {

    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.7.0'
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.4.1'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.6.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.3'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.4.0'

    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.6.1"
}

MyBroadcastReceiver.kt looks like:

package com.milosev.myapplication

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Intent
import android.os.Build
import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
import androidx.localbroadcastmanager.content.LocalBroadcastManager
import com.milosev.getgpslocation.MyService

class MyBroadcastReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() {

    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
    override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) {
        when (intent?.action) {
            "MyAction" -> {
                val myIntent = Intent(context, MainActivity::class.java).setAction("MyAction")
                LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(context).sendBroadcast(myIntent)
            }
            "Restart" -> {
                val intent = Intent(context, MyService::class.java)
                intent.action = "startForeground"
                context.startForegroundService(intent)
            }
        }
    }
}

MyService.kt looks like:

package com.milosev.getgpslocation

import android.app.Notification
import android.app.NotificationChannel
import android.app.NotificationManager
import android.app.Service
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Intent
import android.graphics.Color
import android.os.Build
import android.os.CountDownTimer
import android.os.IBinder
import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
import androidx.core.app.NotificationCompat
import androidx.localbroadcastmanager.content.LocalBroadcastManager
import kotlinx.coroutines.*

class MyService : Service(),CoroutineScope by MainScope() {

    private var job: Job? = null

    override fun onBind(intent: Intent): IBinder {
        TODO("Return the communication channel to the service.")
    }

    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
    override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
        when (intent?.action) {
            "startForeground" -> {

                val channelId = createNotificationChannel("my_service", "My Background Service")
                val notificationBuilder = NotificationCompat.Builder(this, channelId)
                val notification = notificationBuilder.setOngoing(true)
                    .setContentTitle("test")
                    .setContentText("test")
                    .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
                    .setPriority(1)
                    .setCategory(Notification.CATEGORY_SERVICE)
                    .build()

                startForeground(101, notification)
                val context = this

                job = launch {
                    while(true) {
                        val myIntent = Intent(context, MyBroadcastReceiver::class.java).setAction("MyAction")
                        sendBroadcast(myIntent);
                        delay(1_000)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (intent?.action.equals("stopForeground")) {
            job?.cancel()
            stopForeground(true)
            stopSelfResult(startId)
        }
        return START_STICKY;
    }

    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
    private fun createNotificationChannel(channelId: String, channelName: String): String {
        val chan = NotificationChannel(
            channelId,
            channelName, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_LOW
        )
        chan.lightColor = Color.RED
        chan.lockscreenVisibility = Notification.VISIBILITY_PRIVATE
        val service = getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager
        service.createNotificationChannel(chan)
        return channelId
    }

    override fun onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy()
        val myIntent = Intent(this, MyBroadcastReceiver::class.java).setAction("Restart")
        sendBroadcast(myIntent);
    }

    override fun onTaskRemoved(rootIntent: Intent?) {
        super.onTaskRemoved(rootIntent)
        val myIntent = Intent(this, MyBroadcastReceiver::class.java).setAction("Restart")
        sendBroadcast(myIntent);
    }
}

POI:

override fun onDestroy() {
	super.onDestroy()
	val myIntent = Intent(this, MyBroadcastReceiver::class.java).setAction("Restart")
	sendBroadcast(myIntent);
}

override fun onTaskRemoved(rootIntent: Intent?) {
	super.onTaskRemoved(rootIntent)
	val myIntent = Intent(this, MyBroadcastReceiver::class.java).setAction("Restart")
	sendBroadcast(myIntent);
}

In main activity:

@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
override fun onResume() {
	super.onResume()
	LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this)
		.registerReceiver(broadCastReceiver, IntentFilter("MyAction"))

	val intent = Intent(this, MyService::class.java)
	intent.action = "startForeground"
	startForegroundService(intent)
}

Notice that there is a problem with onResume because it will start the service immediately.

Edit: 2022-06-05: Unfortunately after latest update of Huawei my app is again getting killed. Here you can find informations about this issuse.

Details

Written by: Stanko Milosev

Category: Android

Published: 14 May 2022

Last Updated: 05 April 2023

Hits: 1063

• kotlin

This time I needed to add android:process to my manifest, in order to have a separate never-ending process, and to update UI.

I have started an empty project, then I have added Service: File -> New -> Service - Service, then I have added Broadcast: File -> New -> Other -> Broadcast receiver.

In AndroidManifest.xml I have added FOREGROUND_SERVICE permission and android:process. Now my manifest looks like:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.milosev.sendbroadcastfromanotherprocess">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.SendBroadcastFromAnotherProcess">
        <receiver
            android:name=".MyReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true" />

        <service
            android:name=".MyService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true"
            android:process=":MyService" />

        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

In gradle I have added coroutines:

implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.6.1"

My gradle looks like:

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android'
}

android {
    compileSdk 32

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.milosev.sendbroadcastfromanotherprocess"
        minSdk 21
        targetSdk 32
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }
}

dependencies {

    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.7.0'
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.4.1'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.5.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.3'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.4.0'

    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.6.1"
}

MyService.kt:

*2023-04-04 UPDATE: * To debug MyService you will have to attach to this process with debugger.

package com.milosev.sendbroadcastfromanotherprocess

import android.app.Notification
import android.app.NotificationChannel
import android.app.NotificationManager
import android.app.Service
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Intent
import android.graphics.Color
import android.os.Build
import android.os.IBinder
import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
import androidx.core.app.NotificationCompat
import kotlinx.coroutines.*

class MyService : Service(), CoroutineScope by MainScope() {

    private var job: Job? = null

    override fun onBind(intent: Intent): IBinder {
        TODO("Return the communication channel to the service.")
    }

    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
    override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
        when (intent?.action) {
            "startForeground" -> {

                val channelId = createNotificationChannel("my_service", "My Background Service")
                val notificationBuilder = NotificationCompat.Builder(this, channelId)
                val notification = notificationBuilder.setOngoing(true)
                    .setContentTitle("test")
                    .setContentText("test")
                    .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
                    .setPriority(1)
                    .setCategory(Notification.CATEGORY_SERVICE)
                    .build()

                startForeground(101, notification)
                val context = this

                job = launch {
                    while(true) {
                        val myIntent = Intent(context, MyReceiver::class.java).setAction("MyAction")
                        myIntent.putExtra("message", "test")
                        sendBroadcast(myIntent);
                        delay(1_000)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (intent?.action.equals("stopForeground")) {
            job?.cancel()
            stopForeground(true)
            stopSelfResult(startId)
        }
        return START_STICKY;
    }

    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
    private fun createNotificationChannel(channelId: String, channelName: String): String {
        val chan = NotificationChannel(
            channelId,
            channelName, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_NONE
        )
        chan.lightColor = Color.RED
        chan.lockscreenVisibility = Notification.VISIBILITY_PRIVATE
        val service = getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager
        service.createNotificationChannel(chan)
        return channelId
    }
}

MyReceiver.kt:

package com.milosev.sendbroadcastfromanotherprocess

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Intent
import androidx.localbroadcastmanager.content.LocalBroadcastManager

class MyReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() {

    override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) {
        val myIntent = Intent(context, MainActivity::class.java).setAction("MyAction")
        myIntent.putExtra("message", "test")
        LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(context).sendBroadcast(myIntent)
    }
}

MainActivity.kt:

package com.milosev.sendbroadcastfromanotherprocess

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Intent
import android.content.IntentFilter
import android.os.Build
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.View
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi
import androidx.localbroadcastmanager.content.LocalBroadcastManager

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    val myReceiver: BroadcastReceiver = MyReceiver()

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        val filter = IntentFilter("MyAction")
        registerReceiver(myReceiver, filter)

        var textView = findViewById(R.id.myText) as TextView
        val broadCastReceiver = object : BroadcastReceiver() {
            override fun onReceive(contxt: Context?, intent: Intent?) {
                when (intent?.action) {
                    "MyAction" -> {
                        textView = findViewById(R.id.myText) as TextView
                        textView.text = intent.getStringExtra("message")
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this)
            .registerReceiver(broadCastReceiver, IntentFilter("MyAction"))

    }

    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
    fun onClick(view: View) {
        val intent = Intent(this, MyService::class.java)
        intent.action = "startForeground"
        startForegroundService(intent)
    }
}

activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/myText"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onClick"
        android:text="Button"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="106dp"
        tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="110dp" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

Example download from here.

Details

Written by: Stanko Milosev

Category: Android

Published: 12 May 2022

Last Updated: 12 May 2022

Hits: 1042

• kotlin

In order to create never ending foreground service in manifest I have added android:process=":MyService" so it looks like:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    package="com.example.broadcasts">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
        android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.Broadcasts"
        tools:targetApi="31">
        <service
            android:name=".MyService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true"
            android:process=":MyService"/>

        <receiver
            android:name=".MyReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true" />

        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.AIRPLANE_MODE" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>