Here is a small example of how to display the type and size of fields from a schema table. This example works for MS SQL; I haven't tested it on other databases.
using System;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace GetDbDataTypes
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string connectionString = "Server=myServer;Database=myDb;Integrated Security=True";
            string query = "SELECT top 1 * FROM [myTable]";
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();

                using (SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(query, connection))
                {
                    command.CommandTimeout = 3600;
                    using (SqlDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader())
                    {
                        dataGridView1.DataSource = reader.GetSchemaTable();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
Example download from here